Religious Movements in Medieval Period (extra questions)
Religious Movements in Medieval Period (extra questions)
1. What gave rise to the Bhakti and Sufi movement?
People were no longer satisfied with their religion as it became too ritualistic and dogmatic. The caste system became more rigid and alienated the lower castes from the social order. Sufi saints preached Islamic ideas of equality and brotherhood. People were on a loom out for a religion that could satisfy their reason and emotions.
2. What did Basavanna fight against?
Basavanna fought against the caste system, rituals in Hinduism and idol worship.
3. What were the teachings of Ramanada?
Ramanada taught perfect love for God and human brotherhood and disregarded the ban on people of different castes by cooking and sharing their meals together.
4. What were the beliefs of Chaitanya? Whom were his teachings meant for?
Chaitanya believed that the personal presence of God could be realised through love, devotion, singing and dancing. His teachings were meant for all irrespective of their caste and creed and had a profound impact on the masses.
5. What did Dadu Dayal reject?
Dadu Dayal rejected the authority of the Vedas, caste distinction, and external formalities of worship by visiting temples and pilgrimages. Instead, he emphasized on japa meaning chanting of the name of God.
6. Throw light on teachings and preachings of Shankaracharya.
Shankaracharya’s teachings are based on the unity of the individual soul and the soul of God. He advocated that Brahman is the ultimate reality and the universe is an illusion. He preached that the way to salvation is through knowledge.
7. What did Kabir preach?
Kabir preached the religion of love which would promote unity amongst all the classes and creed. He laid emphasis on the unity of God whom he addressed by variable names such as Ram, Hari, Govinda, Allah, Sahib, etc.
8. What were Guru Nanak’s beliefs on religion?
Guru Nanak believed in Universal toleration and devoted his whole life preaching the same doctrine. He laid great emphasis on the worship of one God. One could attain salvation by repeating by his name with love and devotion irrespective of one’s caste, creed or sect.
9. What did Nanak teach?
Nanak taught right worship, welfare of others, purity of conduct, honest living and helping others.
10. Who were Nayanars and Alvars?
1. What gave rise to the Bhakti and Sufi movement?
People were no longer satisfied with their religion as it became too ritualistic and dogmatic. The caste system became more rigid and alienated the lower castes from the social order. Sufi saints preached Islamic ideas of equality and brotherhood. People were on a loom out for a religion that could satisfy their reason and emotions.
2. What did Basavanna fight against?
Basavanna fought against the caste system, rituals in Hinduism and idol worship.
3. What were the teachings of Ramanada?
Ramanada taught perfect love for God and human brotherhood and disregarded the ban on people of different castes by cooking and sharing their meals together.
4. What were the beliefs of Chaitanya? Whom were his teachings meant for?
Chaitanya believed that the personal presence of God could be realised through love, devotion, singing and dancing. His teachings were meant for all irrespective of their caste and creed and had a profound impact on the masses.
5. What did Dadu Dayal reject?
Dadu Dayal rejected the authority of the Vedas, caste distinction, and external formalities of worship by visiting temples and pilgrimages. Instead, he emphasized on japa meaning chanting of the name of God.
6. Throw light on teachings and preachings of Shankaracharya.
Shankaracharya’s teachings are based on the unity of the individual soul and the soul of God. He advocated that Brahman is the ultimate reality and the universe is an illusion. He preached that the way to salvation is through knowledge.
7. What did Kabir preach?
Kabir preached the religion of love which would promote unity amongst all the classes and creed. He laid emphasis on the unity of God whom he addressed by variable names such as Ram, Hari, Govinda, Allah, Sahib, etc.
8. What were Guru Nanak’s beliefs on religion?
Guru Nanak believed in Universal toleration and devoted his whole life preaching the same doctrine. He laid great emphasis on the worship of one God. One could attain salvation by repeating by his name with love and devotion irrespective of one’s caste, creed or sect.
9. What did Nanak teach?
Nanak taught right worship, welfare of others, purity of conduct, honest living and helping others.
10. Who were Nayanars and Alvars?
Nayanars were devotees of Shiva or Shaivites and Alvars were devotees of Vishnu or Vaishnavites and they popularised the Bhakti Movement in South India.
11. How did the Nayanars and Alvars spread the Bhakti movement?
The Nayanars and Alvars travelled widely singing hymns, composing beautiful poems in praise of their deities.
12. What was the Nayanars and Alvars preach?
Nayanars and Alvars preached extreme dedication and devotion to God as the path to salvation.
13. What were the teachings of Shankaracharya?
He advocated that Brahman is the Ultimate Reality and the universe is an illusion.
14. What were the teachings of Ramanuja?
According to Ramanuja, Bhakti is more important than knowledge to attain salvation.
15. What were the teachings of Shankaracharya?
He advocated that Brahman is the Ultimate Reality and the universe is an illusion.
16. What were the teachings of Ramanuja?
According to Ramanuja, Bhakti is more important than knowledge to attain salvation.
17. What did Kabir want between hindus and Muslims?
Kabir was critical of the existing social order and wanted Hindu-Muslim unity.
18. Who founded Sikhism?
Guru Nanak
19. What is langar?
The practice of eating together without any distinction between castes, creeds, and genders in a common kitchen called langar.
20. What were Guru Nanak’s teachings?
Guru Nanak laid great emphasis on the worship of one God. One could attain salvation by repeating by his name with love and devotion irrespective of one’s caste, creed or sect.
21. What did the Sufi saints preach?
Sufi saints preached Islamic ideas of equality and brotherhood.
22. How did the Bhakti movement spread so far and wide?
The preachers of the Bhakti movement travelled from one place to another praising and preaching.
23. What did the Marathi saints preached?
The Marathi bhakti saints preached the doctrines of devotion to God and equality of all men before him without any social differences based on caste.
24. What was the Sufi movement?
The Sufi movement was a mystical movement which started against the increasing materialism in Islam.
25. Who founded theChisti Silsilah in India?
The Chisti Silsilah in India was founded by Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti.
26. What did the Chistis believe in?
The Chistis led a simple and austere life and believed in the service of mankind.
27. Name the other religious cults during the Medieval Period.
Nathpanthis, Siddhacharas and Yogis are the other religious cults that arose during the
medieval period.
medieval period.
28. What did the Suharwardi Silsilah believe in?
The Suharwardi Silsilah did not believe in excessive austerity and leading a life of poverty. They also took
part in the service of the state and held important posts.
part in the service of the state and held important posts.
29. What appeal did Martin Luther make to the Pope?
Martin Luther King felt that the practices in the Roman Catholic Church were against the teachings of the Bible and, therefore, appealed to the Pope to correct the abuses.
30.Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis.
They advocated renunciation of the world. According to them, the path to salvation lay in meditation on the formless Ultimate Reality and the realization of oneness with it. For putting their ideas into practice, they suggested intense training of the mind and body through practices; like yogasanas, breathing exercises and mediation.
31. What were the major beliefs and practices of the Sufis?
They rejected outward religiosity, elaborate rituals and codes of behavior demanded by Muslim religious scholars. They also, like the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis, believed that the heart can be trained to look at the world in a different way. They advocated devotion to God, union with God just like a lover seeks his beloved with a disregard for the world and compassion towards all fellow human beings Their practices were: Zikr(chanting of a name or sacred formula), Contemplation, Sama(singing), Raqs(dancing), Discussion of parables, Breath control, etc.
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